In this essay we will discuss about biodiversity as the main source of wildlife tourism in India.
Bio-Diversity and Wildlife Tourism
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Essay Contents:
- Essay on the Importance of Bio-Diversity
- Essay on the Bio-Diversity Hot Spots in the World
- Essay on Rain Forests Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Himalayan Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Desert Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Ocean Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Wetlands Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Grassland Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Island Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Antarctica Bio-Diversity
- Essay on Bio-Diversity and Tourism
Essay # 1. Importance of Bio-Diversity:
The study of bio-diversity of the world is necessary for the higher research work on wildlife and tourism. The floral diversity encourages us for botanical studies and herbal treks. A nation plays an important role in maintaining its environment and important water sources creating a vital link for the survival to all living creatures in the surrounding.
It largely depends on the significant works of the local governments to protect the local ecosystem. The growth of a bio-diversity region depends on a healthy eco-system of animal food-chains, symbiosis, natural process of growth and supporting the natural system of co-operation and natural balance of give and take process over this planet.
Now it is well understood that the nature laws are to balance mutual exchange of food among animals and plants into an automatic process that encourages natural growth and survival of species over this planet. In this way, biodiversity is a world of animals and plants which harbours the process of natural balance among various plants and animal species within a particular ecosystem. To introduce the human being with the amazing world of plants and animals into a re-creative way is a form of wildlife tourism or eco-tourism.
The study of bio-diversity hot spots introduces us with a vast world of wildlife and plants. We should protect them to encourage wildlife tourism.
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Essay # 2. Bio-Diversity Hot Spots in the World:
The bio-diversity is an amazing world of plants and animals which creates a natural balance of eco-system over this planet. There are rich bio-diversity hotspots in the world. Among them, 30 new hot spots have been underlined for their thriving ecological system over this planet. Some of them are amazingly beautiful and are being utilized as the best spots for wildlife tourism.
Importance of Wildlife Tourism:
Bio-diversity is a boon to this entire planet. The citizens of the world are alive today because of this bio-diversity. Wildlife tourism has become a subject of learning and earning worldwide. The study of wildlife has become quite popular among the biologists, environmentalists and nature lovers all over the world. The trekkers, explorers and travellers enjoy the sightseeing in the wildlife protected zones.
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The importance of wildlife tourism has increased manifolds as it has given a new life to the “Safari Parks” and “Game Parks” all over the world. The protection of wild animals for the purpose of tourism and human recreation has transformed the world of Wildlife Parks and Wildlife Reserve Areas in some countries. In South Africa, there are famous Safari Parks and Game Parks for the recreation of businessmen and big budget tourists. In many countries, wildlife tourism has become an immediate source of foreign exchange.
Essay # 3. Rain Forests Bio-Diversity:
The floral diversity is quite amazing for the botanical studies and herbal treks. The biodiversity of rain forests is rich and varied. Both fauna and flora are found abundantly and with many species which is a source of immense recreation for tourists and explorers. The traditional habitats of lion, tiger, bear, jaguar and other carnivores are found in rain forests.
For example, the mammals in rain forests are different and distinct to encourage wildlife tourism:
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(1) The Carnivores
(2) Hoofed mammals
(3) Primates
(4) Sea mammals
(5) Marsupials
(6) Rodents
(7) Insectivores
(8) Bats.
Among the Carnivores are Cats, Civets, Genets and Oyans, African Plain Civet, Hyenas, Mangoose, Madagascar Carnivores, Wild dogs, Bears, Red Panda, Raccoons, weasels and their relatives. The rainforests are a living world of biodiversity and their conservation is necessary for their survival for a longer period.
A large numbers of international tourists visit the rainforest countries to enjoy wildlife tourism. South America, Africa and South East Asian countries are the best source of wildlife tourism.
Essay # 4. Himalayan Bio-Diversity:
The bio-diversity in the Himalayan region is quite distinct and different than the other parts of the world. The Alpine zones, Semi Alpine and Temperate zones are the main characteristics of mountain wild life and floral diversity.
The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world and these bring climatic changes with heavy rainfall and snow storms in the snow-clad mountains. The cold waves during winter are full of chill. There are different ecological belts at different heights of the Himalayan Ranges.
Essay # 5. Desert Bio-Diversity:
The bio-diversity of desert land is quite different from that of mountains and rainforests. The deserts are hotter during summer and colder during winter. The thorny bushes and scattered sand grasses grow within a small distance. Cactus is the main plant of the desert.
The Govi desert, Sahara desert, Atacama and Patagonia deserts, Thar Desert in Rajasthan and American deserts have a distinct eco-system in the world. Some amazing species of plants and animals are found there. The Patagonia desert in South America has become a tourist’s paradise.
Essay # 6. Ocean Bio-Diversity:
The bio-diversity of oceans is quite amazing and rich. Among them are the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Ocean, Coral Sea, Tasmania Sea, Caspean Sea. Azov Sea, Wadden Sea, Bering Sea, Arabian Sea, Red Sea and Antarctic Ocean are among the oceans which are rich in bio-diversity.
The mammals are with unique varieties. The fishes, sword fishes, whales, sharks, dolphins, otters, dugongs, turtles, seals, sea lions, walrus, water birds, shore birds and sea-bottom fauna are found with amazing beauty and diversity. Both coastal areas tourism and ocean tourism have got a solid impetus in the areas of ocean exploration activities to observe marine life.
Essay # 7. Wetlands Bio-Diversity:
The wetlands play a major role in keeping the plants and trees evergreen and environment colder and moistures. This creates a pleasant environment to the nearby communities and wildlife. The aquatic plants and the bird fauna are found in the lake ecosystem. The wetlands are known for the growth of wildlife, aquatic animals and plants. The caiman crocodile found in the Pantanal, Brazil is an amazing example of amphibians.
The frogs, turtles, snakes are also found in the wetland. The tiger, jaguar, bear, fox, marsh deers (60,000) are found in the marsh wetland of Pantanal. This wetland is an amazing place to visit among the tourists of the world. Several water birds and animals are found in the Pantanal wetland.
The other famous wetlands are Azov Sea, Wadden Sea, Mekong Delta, Sunderbans, and Congo basin are well known for their rich bio-diversity and uniqueness in the world. These wetlands are visited by millions of tourists every year.
Essay # 8. Grassland Bio-Diversity:
There are amazing grasslands all over the world. Some are as small as 3000 hectares; some are spread to hundred thousand square kilometers. The Kansas Tall grass prairie in the Flint Hills of North Eastern Kansas is well known for their eco-systems. The mammals, birds and reptiles found here are quite distinct. Mongolia’s Green swords grasslands are quite different in the world. The North West European grasslands are dominated by perennial herbs.
The grasslands are found in several countries in different climates. It varies in height and geographical formation from place to place. For example, Tall grass fields in South America, Savannas in Africa, and Steppes in Siberia, Downs and Velds in Australia are some of the best examples of grassland ecology. The milts, insect’s larvae, nematodes and earth worm are found into deep soil. The grassland mammals roam here and there in search of food. The famous grasslands are explored every year by thousands of tourists.
Essay # 9. Island Bio-Diversity:
The Islands are surrounded by oceans have different, moistures and lively climate. The islands in colder seas and the islands in the warmer seas have their own ecosystem and patterns of climatic diversions. The vegetation in the colder islands is different from that of warmer islands. So is wildlife.
The Hawaii Archipelago, Low Archipelago, Galapagos Archipelago, Madders, Archipelago, Phoenix Archipelago, Aleutian Archiolago, Tuvalu Archipelago etc. have their different bio-diversity and climate. The otters are shorebirds are common in some islands. The colder climate Islands like Aleutian Islands have different vegetation and wildlife in it. The island bio-diversity varies from place to place. The ecologists have observed a distinct ecosystem in every island.
Essay # 10. Antarctica Bio-Diversity:
The Antarctica Bio-diversity is cold climate bio-diversity. Although, it has no prominent vegetation as it is covered by snow the year round. But it has cold climatic animals which are amazing and strange in nature.
The penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals are found in the Antarctica Sea. The Antarctica krills are important food for whales and seals. The seals, squid, ice fish, penguins, albatrosses and many water and shore birds are found here.
The emperor Penguin breeds during winter while another species of Penguin breeds in the summer. Rock hopper Penguin had distinctive features around the eyes giving appearance of eyelashes. King Penguins, Chimstrap Penguins and Centra Penguins also bred in the Arctic. The Arctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries by USA and UK.
Essay # 11. Bio-Diversity and Tourism:
Bio-diversity is the main source of tourism in many countries. Bio-diversity of a forest or wild land encourages us for travelling that part of land to see the amazing wildlife and floral diversity there. For this purpose, wildlife tours are organized by several travel and tour companies to attract more tourists to observe wildlife in the Safari Parks of Brazil, Colombia, West Africa, South Africa, India, Thailand, Cambodia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Australian continent.
The Ningaloo Barrier Reef in Timor Sea and The Great Barrier Reef and Atolls in Coral Sea are some of the best examples to enjoy marine bio-diversity there. The Gorillas and Pygmy Chimpanzees in Congo Basin, clouded jaguars in Java, Tigers and orangutans in Java and Sumatra forests are great examples of rich bio-diversity. The above countries are the best destinations of wildlife tourism.
Wildlife Tourism:
In recent years wildlife tourism has become a hot subject to enjoy wildlife in developing countries. The National Parks, bio-diversity hotspots, amazing wilderness and natural areas are a great source of recreation for the tourists from foreign countries who come to enjoy life with great learning sense and experience.
Some countries have achieved tremendous success in wildlife tourism. These are British Columbia (Canada), Yellow stone National Park (USA), Amazonia Wilderness (Brazil), Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador and Andes Mountain Ranges which are famous for their Bio-diversity and natural beauty. It is a great combination of wildlife and amazing natural areas.
National Parks:
The National Parks in some countries have done great business in wildlife tourism in the world. Among them are Columbia Wilderness, St Elias National Park USA, Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe, Kruger National Park (South Africa), Pampas Galeros National Park, (Peru), Manu National Park, Andes (Peru), National Park of Colombia, the Amazon National Park (Brazil), Rajaji National Park (Dehardun), Corbett National Park (Ramnagar), The Great Himalyan National Park (Kullu), Kaziranga National Park (Assam) The Manas National Park (Assam), Sagar Matha National Park (Nepal), Ran Thambhor National Park (MP) and Dorjee National Park (Bhutan).
Reserve Forests:
The Reserve Forests are the main bastion of bio-diversity hot spots. About 70 percent of wildlife inhabits in the reserve forests in India. The National Parks and Reserve Forests in India are in good state comparatively to other countries of the world.
Special Protected Areas:
There are some special protected areas in the world just to protect the fauna and flora of that region in a small forest area. These protected areas are nature’s living laboratory. In the Himalayan States of India, there are some ancient forests of oaks, pine, Deodar, Myrica Sepida and Rhododendron. These are found at the height of 4000 to 7000 in the Indian Himalayas. The Oaks and Pines are found in lower heights while the Deodara cedrus is found above 7000 ft.
In India, Uttaranchal and Himachal also have such protected areas and the wildlife is protected with rules of the law. In some other countries such special protected areas are Atlantic Forests in Brazil, South Africa, Congo basin, Foya Mountains in Papua New Guinea.
The ancient forests are found in the South East Asian Countries. These forests are very ancient and still unexplored for wild life. The concerned nations and governments are protecting them for nature tourism. Unfortunately, the tribals and poachers in these countries continue the hunting of wild animals.
Amazing Animals and Safari Tourism:
There are vastly, expanded areas of forests in the form of wildlife parks. The most amazing animals are found in the wilderness and wildlife parks of Canada, South America, Ghana, Gabon, Congo, Kenya, Uganda, Zaire and South Africa.
The tourists go to see them in particular. The Gorillas and Pigmy Chimpanzees of Congo basin, the Orangutans of Java, Sumatra and Borneo are living examples of Great Apes. The countries are known for their amazing rain forests. These forests have become a great source of Safari tourism in the world.
Elephant Conservation Project:
India is a leader in Elephant conservation projects.
Asian Elephant:
The Asian elephants are known or their habitats and mode of life. Indian elephants have become immediate source of research for the research scholars all over the world. For examples, the Asian elephants of Raja ji National Park in Dehradun are a great source of this research. The tourists and explorers from all over the world come here to see the Asian elephants and the Asian Safari Parks.
Lion:
The lion is the king of forests. This is the strongest animal in the wild which can kill every animal including the elephant. The lions of Gir forests and the white lions of India are unique species in the world. The Indian panthers, tigers, leopards and mountain tigers are unique wild animals. The Asian tigers and Asian lions are also quite valuable species in the world.
The lions create an impressive sight when they are on the hunting spree. There are great efforts to protect this wild animal all over the world. The roaming area for them has been increased in different wildlife Parks in India. The Asian lions have unique characteristics of hunting, habitation and roaming in a vast expanded wild land.
They should be given protection. In the case of tigers, the Government of India had launched a project named “Tiger Project” in 1972. Since then, a lot of practical efforts have been made to protect this wild animal.
There are several species of tiger inhabiting-different forests in Indian sub-continent:
(1) The mountain tigers,
(2) The tropical tigers,
(3) The rainforest tigers,
(4) Bamboo forest tigers,
(5) Mountain bush tigers,
(6) Snow tigers are known among the big cat lovers in the world.
The Asian tigers in various forest areas are a subject of study. Their habitats, mode of living, natural surroundings and style of hiding under the bushes is quite amazing.
The tourists like to visit wildlife parks with the animals described below:
i. Leopard:
The leopards are from a cat family. They are found in Africa and South Asia. The leopards can climb the branches of trees and after observing their prey jump over them. The leopards of Africa and the leopards from South Asia are quite different genetic species.
ii. Jaguar:
Jaguars are the yellow skin tigers of Central America known for round spots, cloudy skin and large black strips. The jaguars are the night hunters of the rain forests; particularly of central Amazonia.
iii. Panthers:
Panthers are the large black cats also known as Puma. It is also known as the black leopard.
iv. Bears:
There are several species of bears which are quite popular among the tourists.
They are:
(1) Grizzly bears of Alaska
(2) Kodiak bears of Alaska are largest carnivorous in the world (2.5 meters)
(3) Bespectacled bear of Colombia and Andes
(4) The brown bear of Himalaya
(5) Black and red bear of Shivalik Hills
(6) The bears of Sunderbans and South East Asian nations.
The bears are herbivores and carnivores both. In Indian Himalayas, the bears are herbivores.
v. Bespectacled Bear:
This bear is found in Colombia, Amazon, (Brazil), Peru and Andes Mountains. The bears in Colombia and Andes are of rare and of different genetic species.
vi. Polar Bears:
They are white like cottons and are solely depend on sea food i.e. fishes, dolphins, sea lion, seal, walrus and sharks. The polar bears are great hunters. They live in the caves of snow and roam over a large part of the Polar Regions.
vii. Grizzly Bear:
The grizzly bears are found in Alaska and British Columbia’s coastal forests and waters. They are black and are aggressive hunters of local fishes. They catch the fishes in the running waters. The population of the grizzly bears is on the verge of extinction and most of them are killed by the local hunters in Canada and Alaska. Global warming is also a great reason for their extinction.
viii. Antelopes:
These are the species of small deers found in the Tibetan plateaus and other parts of the world. The North American horned deers move with a herd in the night and spend their most of the time on the steep rocks for their safety.
The stag deers in Rajaji National Park (India) move with a herd. The horned deers in the world are on the verge of extinction as they are being hunted by skin smugglers for horn and meat also. The Impala deers of South Africa are the fastest runners in the world. So is the name of an Impala car.
ix. Marsh Deers:
The marsh deers are found near the dense forests and wetlands. For examples Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India, Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal, Pantanal Wetland, Brazil have a good number of marsh deers. At present the Pantanal (210,000 km2) has 64,000 marsh deers near the flood plains of Uberaba lake in Brazil.
x. Rhinos:
The one-horned Rhinos are the great attraction of Kaziranga National Park, Assam. The Rhinoceros unicornis is the main species in India. It is considered that the number of Rhinoceros unicornis in Kaziranga is more than 1500. More than 1200 Rhinos have been killed by the poachers for its skin, bones and single horn. The price of its single horn in the international market is US $ 60,000.
xi. Giraffe:
Giraffe are the tall and most impressive animals of South African Parks and are in large population i.e. 10,000 and more. These species are hunted by lions and leopards in South African forests. These animals are always victim of the violent animals in the park. These have dark spots on their coat. Giraffe is sincere and gentle animal with a long weak and small head. These are found only in African continent.
xii. Zebra:
Zebra are a relative of horses. They are dark strips animals found in the South African National Parks like Kruger National Park, Cape Peninsula including Table Mountain Park, The Garden Beach, Kwa Zulu National Parks and mountains. The other parks are known for their natural beauty to observe from a distant land. The Kruger National Park is a haven for wild animals.
xiii. Wild Ass:
Wild Ass are main wild animals of Tibetan Plateaus. The Chang Tang wild life Reserve includes these species. The Wild Ass are the main characteristics of biodiversity in Mongolian deserts, Sichuan China and other parts of the mountain deserts. They are visible in large numbers in Ladakh valley also.
xiv. Yak:
Yak is a Tibetan version of cow. The Tibetans carry baggage and food grain over the back of the Yak. The Yak is a mulching animal (female Yak) and Tibetan people have domesticated it for milk. Yaks are the multipurpose animals for the Tibetan population. The wool, skin, head-trophy and tail are used for spiritual values. The yak is killed for meat by Chinese hunters in Tibet. Unfortunately, their number has been reduced to a few hundred.
xv. Wild Birds:
The wild birds are a feature of Manu National Park. There are some 800 bird species recorded in Manu National Park in Colombia. World’s 25 percent birds are found in South America and one fifth in Amazonia wilderness in Brazil. Some 200 species of humming birds are found in Colombia.
xvi. The Great Bustard:
The Great Bustard is the bird of Western Himalayan foothills and only comes out in the night. It grazes particularly in the moonlit nights and hides itself into the bushes. It lays its eggs inside the bushes without making a nest. In the name of nest it makes it half ft. deep pit with two three grass leaves in it and after some days four to eight eggs lay in it. The baby birds come out after hatching for some days. The chicks follow their mother and after smelling some danger they hide themselves in the grass covered with bushes.
xvii. The Monal Pheasant:
The Lophorus impejanus is a bird from the high mountains of Western Himalayas. It was an endangered bird in 1980. In 1984 the bird was seen in Chanshal valley in Himachal Pradesh. Earlier, it was thought that the bird is extinct.
xviii. The Cheer Pheasant:
The Cheer Pheasant is a small species of Monal, found in the low heights of Himachal Pradesh. Its scientific name is Catereus wallichie and is found at 6000- 9000 feet in the mountain valleys.
Eastern Himalyan Monal (Sclater’s monal) is found at the height of 4000-9000′ in the Arunachal hills. Its length is up to 35″ and height 15″-18″.
xix. The Himalayan Quail:
The bird is an inhabitant of Western Himalayan foothills. It has not been seen or recorded since 1868, but the ornithologists say that the bird still exists in a very small population in the Western Himalayas.
There is continuous decline in the population of wild animals in the forestlands in our country. In the coming decades in India alone 81 mammals, 38 birds and 18 reptiles may be vanished away. The loss of habitats, reduction of forest land, developmental work, pollution and global warming are some responsible factors to make them more vulnerable.
Among the 45,000 plant species, 15000 are flowering plants. It is estimated that among them 10 percent plant species either have been vanished away or are on the verge of extinction. These species have disappeared in the last one century.
Bird Watching:
The bird watching is an easy and comfortable pastime hobby and more and more people are taking interest in it. It has become a part of recreational activity in the world. To watch beautiful birds, observe their habitats and write something about their important areas makes us happy.
Nature Watching:
Nature watching is the best pastime hobby and the intelligent people all over the world are enjoying it through the spells of nature tourism. The best natural areas in the world are – The Himalayas, North East India, the Alps, Canada, Southern America and Andes. British Columbia, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil are some of the best places to enjoy nature watching.
Trekking and Exploration:
The trekking and exploration activities in the wild are among the best hobbies to keep one fit and healthy. Three states of India Himachal, Uttaranchal and Sikkim have become Trekkers paradise from the tourists from all walks of life.
Trekking in the mountains is the most enjoyable exercise for fitness and good health. Trekking and exploration activities are becoming more popular among the trekkers and mountaineers of the world. Both the activities are co-related and beneficial to human health. The Younger generation in India is more aware about trekking expeditions.
Mountaineering:
Mount Everest, Nepal is the best example of mountaineering expedition in the world. The mountaineering in the world is the best adventure sports. The mountaineers all over the world come to climb the Indian Himalayan peaks, the Alps in Europe and Nepal Himalayas including Mount Everest. The Nepal government is earning an excellent amount of revenue from the foreign climbers of the Mount Everest. This has encouraged mountain tourism in Nepal at a large scale.
In India, more than 100 mountain peaks are suitable for mountaineering and trekking expeditions. The government of India is trying its best to encourage the mountaineers to visit India every year to scale the highest peaks in the Indian Himalayas. The peaks of middle heights are quite popular among the mountaineers of foreign countries.
This has given a new insight to the people of the world to visit India to ride the best mountain peaks in the world. The dome shaped, triangular and steep mountain peaks have become a great attraction among the foreign mountaineers. The Indian peaks are getting 30-40 teams or more to ride the average mountain peaks regularly. Sometimes, the number of tourists or climbers is much more in trekking season.
Hiking:
The wild-lands always have been attracting the hikers from the very ancient time. The educated class which wants to experience the beauty of natural areas, trekking is the best way to reach place to place. Hiking is a good sport to explore wild-lands, wilderness and natural areas.
Camping in the Wildlife:
The camp life is most enjoyable in the rural set up where there are forests, wild lands and most beautiful natural areas. Such activities always encourage rural tourism. This helps both in nature conservation, wildlife management and provides new dimensions in nature tourism.
The mountain top camping is a unique experience in life as it provides us an insight into the camping, natural beauty and adventure spirit in the wild. Experiencing the enjoyment of a new life among the classmates or teammates makes us happy. The mountain top camp life provides us a heavenly experience. It is always an inspiring and adventuresome sport for the newcomers.
River Valley Banks:
The river valley always inspires us in many ways as it provides us beautiful landscapes, sand dunes and wide panoramic banks with white shining sand cover. To camp in the wide sand covered banks provides new thrilling experience of life near the gushing crystal water of the river. To observe wild birds, fruit trees, insects, and butterflies in the wild enriches us with new experiences of life.
Amidst the Forests:
To camp amidst the forests, always provides us an amazing insight into the nature’s peaceful paradise. The large deodar and oak trees, flowering bushes, ferns, orchids, moss and velvet grasses always inspires and welcomes us with a new spirit of life. Particularly in the month of February and March, camping in the forests is more enjoyable activity which recreates and entertains us into a big way.
In the Open Pastures:
The camping in the open pastures is an ever remembering activity. It always provides us immense pleasure and enjoyment when we camp amidst a lush green pasture in the higher altitudes. The whole pasture is covered with wild flowers, evergreen velvet grass, and sweet smelling herbs. The pastureland is sometime surrounded by a vast Deodar and Oak forests, which attracts us in many ways.
Between the Rocks and Caves:
When there is bitter cold during heavy rain in August or cold waves during December and January months we always prefer to camp between rocks and safe caves just to protect us from cold waves and wild animals. Such rocks and caves in Himachal, Meghalaya Uttaranchal are a nature’s gift to protect us from natural calamities, and the violent animals in the wild. We camp between the safe rocks or in the caves in a protective way.
Open Barren Lands:
The open barren lands in the mountains are covered with a small dwarf grasses and bushes with some scanty growth of trees and dwarf plants. Such lands are quite attractive and pleasant to the people who want to establish their camps amidst the open barren lands.
The natural areas are sometime surrounded by delicate plants and thorny bushes and some domestic plants and trees. Such barren lands and mountain pastures are in Kathapuria Cheena, Bageswar district in Uttaranchal. In Pauri hills, Simtoli, Baheli, Jaspur Kandai, Bubakhal, Maandaakhaal, Ghandiyaal Khaal and Seeku Dhaar are among the most beautiful barren lands in Uttaranchal.
In the Mountain Forests:
The most beautiful barren lands and forests and pastures are in Daaligaad, Nagar jaa Dhaar, Seeku Dhaar wildlands and forests, Ghoraa Dhungee, Thandaa Paanee, Katraa Siyaaraa, Shilvaanee; near Simtoli village. The other areas are Taal forests, Gwaad forests, Damdeval forests and openlands and trees. The small plants are orchids, ferns and mosses which grow on old saal trees.
The fern forests, sweet smelling plants and herbs are quite beneficial to human being. The camp life here is quite enjoyable but the main fear prevails the attack from violent animals. So, the teammates should be cautious and always keep explosives with them to drive them away. The saal forests are good for bird watching and exploration activities. There are epiphyte orchids on saal trees.
Near the Marshland and Open Pastures:
In the Terai region, the marshlands are a haven for water animals and aquatic plants. At one corner, the beautiful marshland and at the other corner the plain pasture land surrounded by Saal, Tendu, Semal and other important species of trees create a moistures climate. To enjoy camp life amidst the forestland of Saung river and Toya river is a heavenly experience.
The crystal clear river water creates most impressive sights during the sunrise, sunset and at the right noon time. It is an immense fact that the marshlands and pastures in the mountains have quite impressive landscapes and natural beauty. The pastures and marshlands in the Terai region have their own beauty and charm.
The marshland of Chidderwala in Toya river bed and pasture land exhibit a most impressive view of the forest land, pastures and gurgling river waters. The Gaad Paar River and Thandaa Paanee a pure water source in Pauri hills (Shivalik Range) have their own beauty and charm and create a most beautiful panoramic view during spring and rainy days.
There is a great need to encourage bio-diversity conservation and wildlife tourism in India. The beautiful pastures, densely populated forests, deep river valleys are a great source of wildlife tourism and natural areas-based tourism.
The countries who are the leaders in wilderness and wildlife tourism are Canada (British Columbia), Brazil (Amazon), South Africa (Kruger National Park), and Australia (Kakadoo). The rainforest countries of Africa and South East Asia are a great source of wildlife tourism.