The following points highlight the five main ways adopted for purifying water. The ways are: 1. Self-Purification 2. Biochemical Oxidation in Streams 3. Atmospheric Re-Aeration 4. Sludge Deposits 5. Bacterial Self-Purification. 1. Self-Purification: Agencies of Self-Purification: The discharge of sewage and wastes sets in motion a complex chain of physical, chemical, biological and biochemical events, the net result of which [...]
The process of water filtration is carried out in mechanical plants known as filters. The filters are of various types, but basically, two main categories known as: 1. Rapid Sand Filters; and 2. Slow Sand Filters. Types # 1. Rapid Sand Filters: There are a few designs of rapid sand filters, but most of them are improvisation to suit the [...]
There are certain methods for detection of ions and microbes in water used for industrial, laboratory and drinking purposes for ensuring the quality of water. These methods are classified as under: 1. Chemical Methods: i. Titration. ii. Spectrophotometry. iii. Electrochemical techniques. iv. Ion chromatography. 2. Microbiological Methods: For Coliform Group: i. Multiple tube fermentation method. ii. Membrane filter method. 1. [...]