In this essay we will discuss about water and solute regulation in aquatic habitats. 1. In Fresh Water Environment: Fresh-water vertebrates have hypertonic body fluids (osmolarity about 200-300 mosmol per litre) than the surrounding water (less than 50 mosmol per litre). So these animals have to counter two problems: (a) Gain of water due to osmotic gradient. (b) Continuous loss [...]
This article throws light upon the top four methods of biological sample analysis. The methods are: 1. Sampling Pattern Options for Plant Species and Communities 2. Measures of Abundance for Plant Species and Communities 3. Methods for Sampling Invertebrates 4. Bird Census Method. Method # 1. Sampling Pattern Options for Plant Species and Communities: i. Random Sampling (unrestricted): Observations are [...]
List of five important fossil fuels:- 1. Oil 2. Coal 3. Natural Gas 4. Uranium 5. Nuclear Energy. Fossil Fuel # 1. Oil: Crude oil is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon compounds sometimes found permeating sedimentary rocks. Its elements are, by weight, carbon 82.2-87.1 per cent, hydrogen 11.7-14.7 per cent, oxygen 0.1 -4.5 per cent, nitrogen 0.1-1.5 per cent and [...]